Geochemistry, Pollution Analysis and Management of Groundwater in Karaj plain, Iran

Geochemistry, Pollution Analysis and Management of Groundwater in Karaj field, Iran Introduction: All living things depend perfectly on a supply of fresh H2O and in term of human necessities ; H2O is considered most of import following merely to air. Water is used for many intents Viz. , domestic, agribusiness, industry and other multi assorted demands. However, many people around the universe are inveterate short of H2O even for personal demands. There are several grounds for dearth of H2O and most of import among them is increasing population. Increasing population and altering universe, demand increased demands of consumptive and non-consumptive H2O. Therefore, it is true that fresh H2O is indispensable for human endurance and is an indispensable demand for sustainable development. Worldwide agribusiness histories for 69 % the lion’s portion of H2O usage and agricultural demand is turning as population continues to increase. Major portion of this demand is met with land H2O resources and therefore land H2O tabular array is gone down alarmingly and status is unstable. In add-on, H2O quality is merely every bit of import as measure. The H2O in many topographic points is contaminated and H2O born diseases continue to be scourages of human sort. Management of H2O resources particularly groundwater is really complex in position of the viing demands for use. The survey demands realistic assessment of current and awaited demands for H2O by assorted H2O utilizations. It is hence of import that latest modern techniques of survey and rating of H2O resources by following the modern methodological analysiss like Arc GIS SPSS, Rockwork, Rockware and etc, packages. Aim and range of the present survey: Measuring the measure and quality of H2O resources is the of import facet in H2O resources planning and direction. Unfortunately much of the world’s population specially in state like Iran lacks a suited and safe H2O supply and many a clip supplies are disrupted. With turning population these types of Problems are traveling more common in close hereafter. Hence interdisciplinary surveies are required with mention to the research job in undertaking the bing jobs expeditiously and get the better of. The present survey purposes to measure land H2O resources and its quality since pantie surface H2O resources available in Karaj field, Iran and analysing its tendency, both in infinite and clip. An effort is made to understand the nature of the job in footings of land H2O related issues and to come out with an appropriate solution on a scientific footing. The attack towards the job will be multidisciplinary as it includes, geological, hydrological, hydrogeochemical and environmental conditions of the country. Karaj Plain is one of the huge upland field of Iran, with an mean one-year rainfall of 260mm and entire one-year infiltration of groundwater is estimated to be 56 million three-dimensional metres. The demand of fresh H2O for assorted multi-user like anthropogenetic demands, agribusiness pattern and industrial demand is about 61.5 billion three-dimensional metres. At present, there is a deficit of 5.5 billion three-dimensional metres in a twelvemonth and this may be farther agrivated due to increase of population and resulted more demand in close hereafter. Decrease in volume of groundwater reservoirs will besides accordingly do the decrease of the quality of groundwater. Apart from this the land H2O of the country is badly polluting from inflow of pollutant waste H2O of industrial workss and human waste wastewaters in Karaj metropolis. Further Increasing development of industry, agricultural pattern and inordinate population growing in the part consequences more of taint of groundwat er in the part. Therefore measuring the measure and quality of groundwater resources and its judicial use is the of import facets in H2O resources planning and direction of the survey country. Reappraisal of literature: The campaigner has looked into the above discussed jobs in the chosen country and noticed that non much work has done. There are merely meager studies in the literature. The quality of groundwater in Karaj Plain since the last 10 old ages has been investigated and tested by Tehran Regional Company and the concentration of cations, anions, coarseness etc. , are studied. Recently, State Geological Organization has analysed, dirt and surface and land H2O resources in and around Tehran metropolis. There is a study on ‘Study of concentration of heavy metal elements in groundwater resources of Garmabdasht in Gorgan, by Sahar Armanpour et Al 2007. There are besides studies on â€Å"Geochemical procedures are responsible for the spatial-temporal fluctuations in groundwater chemical science in the western portion of Iran† ( Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad et Al. 2008 and Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad 2009 ) . Hence an in deepness survey of qualitative and quantitative analysis and direction of l and H2O resources in Karaj field is much needed. Geographic place of the studied part: one of the biggest metropolis of Alborz Province is Karaj metropolis. The survey country, Karaj field is situated in Northwest of Tehran, Iran, lies between latitudes 34 °50? to 35 °30? N and longitudes 47 °12? , to 48 °10? E covering an country of 811 sq kilometer. Its northern side is situated in the northern Highlandss of Karaj, the eastern side is Kan River, the western side is Hashrgerd Plain and the southern side is Mallard and Saleh Abad. The mean tallness of the part is 1500 m above MSL. The most of import metropolis located in this Alborz Province is Karaj, which is metropolis including some big and little metropoliss with populations of more than 1728000 individuals and an country of 162 sq kilometer. There are more than 3000 big and little graduated table chemical, automotive and nutrient industries in the part. Area of farming areas is estimated to be about 17000 hectares. Iran Persia Location of the survey country Aim: The undermentioned aims are formulated for chosen survey country:Designation of different hydrogeomorphical conditions and lineament analysis of the survey country.Appraisal of groundwater quality and hydrogeomorphical mold.Evaluation the H2O resourses by environmental impact appraisal ( EIA )Conservation and direction of groundwater in the survey country.Materials and methods used in theChosencountry of research: The undermentioned methods are to be adopted in the present probes and analysis:Geological map of the survey country will be complied utilizing bing regional geological map, satelite imaginations and GIS packages.Analysis and spatial distribution theamatic maps of rainfall will be constructed utilizing meteoric informations and GIS packagesMorphometric analysis and hydrogeomophic zones of the Karaj field will be done utilizing SOI toposheets, Satelite Imageries and GIS. ( Arc GIS10, Global Mapper 14, PCI.Geomatica.2012.SP1 )35 groundwater samples will be collected in a grid form from the survey country for premansoon and postmansoon seasons by following international criterion techniques. Physico-chemical features of land H2O samples will be carried out utilizing modern and sophisticated analytical instruments like Flame Photometer, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, UV-Vissible Spectrophotometer and Titrimetry method.Analysis of the quality of groundwater resources will be made in understanding the rock- H2O interaction, distribution of major and minor elements and impact of pollutants in H2O resources utilizing available criterion package and diagrams.Environmental Impact Assessment of the survey country will be carried out ( Arc GIS10, PCI.Geomatica.2012.SP1, SPSS ) . The advantage of this technique is that it takes into history of all the facets of the environment i.e. ecology, physical/chemical facets and human/social involvement etc, .By sing all the above facets and parametric quantities, hydrogeochemical theoretical account will be proposed ( Arc GIS10 ) . This theoretical account will be much helpful for preservation and better direction and use of the groundwater resources.Result of the research probe:Assess the impact of over development of land H2O and pollution impact on aquifer system and land H2O quality.Suggest remedial steps to minimise the land H2O backdown by following progresss irrigation techniques.Management of H2O resources and used as a theoretical account to follow in other similar countries.Mentions:Armanpour, Sahar- Karami, G- Yakhkoshi, E ( 2007 ) , Study of concentration of heavy and chief metal elements in groundwater resources of Garmabdasht in Gorgan, the first environmental and medical geological conference.Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad –Manshuori, M, 2008, survey on grounds and jobs of aquifer overdraft in Asad Abad Plain in Hamedan, the 4th national conference of geology and environment in Eslamshahr ( in Persian ) .Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad ( 2009 ) , maestro ‘s class thesis, Study of Chahardoly Aquifer Gaseous Reasons and its Environmental impacts, Tehran Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch, P81 to 83 ( in Persian ) .Water Resources Studies Unit of Tehran Regional Water Company ( 2005 ) , study on suggestion for extension of the prohibition in the studied part of Tehran-Karaj.

Health Care Museum Essay

HEALTH CARE MUSEUM The Health Care Museum exhibit is to acknowledgment the five most significant developments in the evolution of healthcare in the United States. Over the years we’ve seen a rapid growth in the Health Care industry that’s both good and bad. After my research there are several areas I would like to portray for my exhibit debut. The five most significant developments are The Insured, the Underinsured, & the Uninsured, Medications, Prevention, Technology and Health Care Delivery. EXHIBIT A: The Insured, the Underinsured, & the Uninsured Insurance plays a huge part of healthcare development over the years. We have laws in place to help patients who are insured, underinsured and uninsured to received treatments. There a lot of people who struggle to keep up with the increasing costs of health care insurance, but there are plan that’s affordable to cover their medical expenses. The impact insurance has in United States is really big because â€Å"the number of people without health care has increased†. The establishing future in Health Care insurance remains uncertain because many people today still don’t have health insurance. I do believe that the health care reform will help in that case, but it may take some time to see the results. EXHIBIT B: Medications Medications play a very big important role into the development of the Health Care Industry. With the advancement of medication we have seen a momentous decrease in the number of people that were hospitalized or caused death because they did not acquired the proper medication. Science is the main reason why we are so ahead in medicine, â€Å"advances in medical science† help protect most diseases from spreading. Medicines can cure, preclude, or even stop an outbreak or a virus. The most notable development of medicine is that it comes in many different shapes and size. One can take medicine in a use of a pill, liquid such as syrup and exercise is a form of medication. . EXHIBIT C: Prevention Prevention has to be the most important development thus far because if we don’t have any control over transferrable diseases from spreading â€Å"Ebola†, then we all are at risk of an epidemic of disease that’s infectious. Around the world we have community associates and health care providers that’s willing to educate the public about the importance and the consequences of a transmittable disease. We all have been working together to prevent the spreading of dangerous disease. Some of the simple task we can do to prevent spreading disease is as simple as washing your hands constantly. EXHIBIT D: Technology If it wasn’t for technology the United State Health Care System wouldn’t be as great as it is today. Technology has a great impact in all of the different health fields in the industry. Since technology is improving constantly the possibilities are endless as to what we can use it for. The most important part in regards to technology in Health Care is the ability to obtain very important medical information. Many different departments in the healthcare field are using technology a lot of different ways. The most common use is to reach out to the â€Å"broader populations,† connect with patients virtually, and most importantly public awareness. EXHIBIT E: Health Care Delivery Reforming our health care delivery system to improve the quality and value of care is essential to address escalating costs, poor quality, and increasing numbers of Americans without health insurance coverage. Reforms should improve access to the right care at the right time in the right setting. They should keep people healthy and prevent common, avoidable complications of illnesses to the greatest extent possible. Thoughtfully constructed reforms would support greater access to health-improving care – in contrast to the current system, which encourages more tests, procedures, and treatments that are at best unnecessary and at worst harmful. In conclusion, as we all know the health care industry has grown drastically over the years. The five most significant developments is not only important factors in the health care field, but they’re also important in today’s society. For example, The Insured, the Underinsured, & the Uninsured plays a huge part in today’s world because of the sky rocking health cost and the fact that not everyone can afford it. Medications are also very important since we all want to feel better when we are ill. References Access to Health Care Coalition (2001). Closing the gap: Improving access to health care in Michigan. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. Retrieved October 13, 2014 from http://bcbsm.com/blues/pdf/access_to_hc.pdf American Hospital Association (1997). Hospital statistics: A comprehensive summary of U. S. hospitals. Chicago, IL: Author. Institute for the Future (2000). Health and health care 2010: The forecast, the challenge. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Health Statistics. Health U.S. 2010: With Special features on death and dying. Hyattsville MD:CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, 2014

Bats Essay Research Paper BatsINTRODUCTIONThere are an

Bats Essay, Research Paper Bats Introduction There are an countless sum of carnal species in the universe. They all hold adapted and evolved to last in their milieus. Some have grown fives, others legs, and still others wings. One of the animate beings that has grown wings is the chiropteran. The chiropteran is a genuinely great animal. It has all the features of mammals while besides possessing the accomplishment in flight of a bird. There are more than 800 species of chiropterans in the universe. They are of many different sizes, forms, and life styles. They live all over the universe and have drawn the wonder of 1000000s. Bats besides have the alone quality of echo sounding that it uses to catch insects. Though other mammals, like the winging squirrel seem to wing but really glide the chiropteran is the lone mammal that can truly fly ( Lauber 1 ) . A Bat? s Body Due to the great assortment of species of chiropterans some features vary greatly but the Little Brown Bat is a good illustration of a chiropteran. It has fur on its organic structure, big bare ears, its rear legs have claws, it has a tail membrane, and it has the most distinguishing characteristic of a chiropteran, wings ( Lauber 9 ) . The upper arm of the chiropteran is short while the forearm is really long. The carpus is really little and from it comes the pollex and the four longer fingers. The pollex is short and used for mounting or walking. The fingers are long and thin. Interlocking the fingers is the wing. This set up of holding the fingers in the flying gives the chiropteran astonishing flight manoeuvrability ( Honders 22 ) . These castanetss expression similar to a human manus. They are connected by rubbery tegument to the chiropteran # 8217 ; s organic structure enfolding all the fingers but the pollex ( Bats in CT 1 ) . Echolocation Bats have a # 8220 ; 6th sense # 8221 ; called echo sounding. This was foremost proved by Donald Griffin. Bats produce supersonic sound moving ridges and so utilize the reverberation of the returning sound to feel the universe around them and in peculiarly to catch insects. These sounds are normally out of the worlds range of hearing ( Fellman 42 ) . This system is similar to that of mahimahis. The sound is in the signifier of chinks that increase as the chiropteran gets closer to the insect or whatever it is tracking ( Bats in CT ) . Unlike worlds most insects can hear the chiropteran # 8217 ; s echo sounding sounds. David D. Yager of the University of Maryland has found that the praying mantid has used this to its advantage. When being pursued by a chiropteran the mantid can hear the chinks of the chiropteran behind it and to avoid being eaten goes into a series of evasive manoeuvres. First they extend their bow limbs and so widen their venters that stops them. Then they go into a honkytonk traveling twice their usual velocity and if still being pursued will crash into the land to avoid being eaten. This and other insects besides use hearing to their advantage ( Amato 781 ) . Moths besides do astonishing manoeuvres in efforts of flight similar to the mantid. Tiger moths even make their ain supersonic chinks. It is non known whether these are to galvanize the chiropteran or to warn it that the moth is unsavory. Despite the insects great attempts to foil the chiropteran? s sonar the chiropteran still gimmicks its quarry more than 50 % of the clip ( Fellman 93 ) . Some chiropterans even have different frequences than insects can hear. The competition between insects and chiropterans will travel on everlastingly because they will counter each others counter steps of how an animate being can germinate to how astonishing abilities. Bats have evolved to wing, utilize echo sounding, hibernate, slumber in the twenty-four hours, bent by their pess, and many other things that single species have developed. Some big chiropterans, called fruit bats, are even thought by some scientists to be closely related to Primatess because of their similar encephalon tissue. Bats are extremely evolved animate beings that hold astonishing features. ( Edward gibbons 1992, Bailey et Al. 1992 ) HIBERNATION AND MIGRATION The nutrient of chiropteran normally becomes scarce during winter months so some chiropterans hibernate while others migrate ( Honders 75, Bourliere 95 ) . When chiropterans migrate they normally move from the South to far north during the summer and they return during the autumn. Bats that hibernate prepare for the winter by acquiring fat in fall. Then they fall into a slumber more utmost than their normal day-to-day slumber. As in most animate beings, when hole uping their major bodily maps, such as heart-rate and external respiration, are suppressed greatly. Bats are known to disrupt their hibernation because they have been seen in the winter. Disturbing chiropterans during hibernation can be really destructive ( Pistorius 94 ) . This is because the chiropterans have a limited supply of energy. The energy used when the chiropteran is awake is immense compared to that when it is hole uping. Bats arise on juncture anyhow to prepare, or sometimes take a flight exterior, and even to travel to colder topographic points, where they can last with lower metamorphosis and salvage energy. Repeated waking ups can ensue in famishment in the late winter from deficiency of energy shops. In an utmost instance in Kentucky, during the 1960? s where a cave was a tourer attractive force, the population of 100,000 chiropterans starved to decease after being awakened so many times. Reproduction Bats have internal fertilisation and give birth to extremely full-blown immature like worlds ( Lauber, Honders 75, Ezzel 92 ) . Most chiropterans merely have one babe a twelvemonth. The chiropterans mate in the roost and hold small or no wooing. The pregnant female parents form separate nursing settlements from the others. Some species like the Mexican free-tailed chiropteran, who migrate instantly after copulating, produce a secernment that preserves the male? s sperm until they reach their new roost. When their babe is being born the female parent bents by her pollexs to a tree subdivision. Its tail membrane acts as a cradle and the babe is born into it tail foremost. Then the female parent bents by one wing and cleans the babe with the other. IT is so attached to the female parent? s nipple where it will keep on during flight. In some species the babe is left at the roost when the female parent is runing, in others the babe is taken along. In the species that carry their immature finally the babe grows to large for the female parent and is left in the roost. The chiropteran so learns to fly and Hunt its quarry by itself ( Lauber ) . SPECIALIZED BATS Some chiropterans have developed particular ways of accommodating to their milieus. Though most chiropterans eat insects some provender on fruit, nectar, little craniates, fish, and blood ( Bourliere 95 ) . The chiropterans that eat fruit aid scatter seeds by eating fruit and so dropping the seeds in their dungs during flight. Those that imbibe nectar act like hummingbirds pollenating flowers ( Warning from Bat Conservation International 91 ) . Bats that eat little craniates along with insects and fruit are frequently called false lamias. These chiropterans eat lizards, tree toads, birds, gnawers, and smaller chiropterans. They kill their quarry by utilizing thier strong jaws and dentitions to interrupt their cervix. These chiropterans have merely about a two pes wingspreads so thier prey tends to be little. Bats that catch fish fly merely above the H2O and catch the fish with its hind pess and utilize its crisp claws to keep it. It so maneuvers the fish to kill it by seize with teething it ( Novick 73 ) . The most celebrated of chiropterans is likely the lamia. The lamia chiropteran drinks the blood of big craniates, to make this they have developed big incisors, a specialised lingua, and specialized spit to forestall blood from coagulating, and they are able to travel rapidly on the land in the instance of its quarry waking up and it is excessively full to wing off ( Honders 75 ) .

How does Zillow.com fulfill these drivers of the internet economy Essay

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The Potential Contributions of Human Resource Case Study

The Potential Contributions of Human Resource - Case Study Example British Airways also supports other additional jobs through its supply chain, and all this generates annual revenues of approximately 7.8 billion (Whitelegg 2000, BA 2005). British Airways contributes to economic growth in the UK as it is part of a transport infrastructure on which many other parts of the economy depends on. For example, better transport links between cities have expanded markets, allowing for economies of scale, increased specialisation in areas of competitive advantage and stiffer competitive pressures on companies (OEF 1999, Whitelegg 2000). This also means that British Airways supports foreign direct investment into the United Kingdom and this introduces new technology into the country, as well as improves networking to bring on more innovation (OEF 1999). As with any other industry, the key challenge facing British Airways is future growth and development, especially in light of low-cost airlines and climate change. Despite the impressive record of consistently delivering improvements in energy efficiency, British Airways is once again faced with a multitude of environmental and other factors, which could potentially erode its human resource based, which it has created. In order to understand the potential contributions British Airways makes to the human resource function, it is important to conduct environmental and internal analyses. II. PESTLE Analysis II. i. Political This airline industry is heavily subsidized, however the high cost of labour in the UK has made British Airways look at more cost effective ways of creating jobs, such as automated ticket machines and check-in machines. At the same time the construction of Heathrow Terminal 5 exists to meet the rising demand, which puts pressure on the government in terms of planning, and allocating more runway space in other areas of the country. The conflict in the Middle East has also meant increased fees for flying with British Airways to cover the cost of fuel price increases, which could cost the organization dearly. II. ii. Economic The crisis in the Middle East has resulted in reduced passenger numbers for some routes, and whilst it may not affect all of British Airways routes, a reduction in passenger numbers means significant losses in terms of profit. If passenger growth falls at 3.5% per year instead of the predicted 4%, the UK's GDP would be reduced by 2.5% by 2015 or the equivalent of 30 billion (OEF 1999, BA 2005). In 1997 UK travelers abroad spent 13.4 billion and foreign travelers to the UK spent 9.9 billion (OEF 1999), therefore the importance of the economy cannot be downplayed. II. iii. Social There has been an increase in recreational flyers, or the use of private airplanes, since September, 11th and this has affect passenger numbers slightly (BA 2005). This is also due to the rise of disposable income and specialization of leisure pursuits at small air fields and air

First paper assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First paper assignment - Essay Example The environment is affected by the individuals living within the society as well as the culture and tradition. Linguistic variation includes vocabulary, word choice, morphology, grammar/syntax, accent, dialects, pronunciation, and different languages. These variations reflect the differences in education, origin or social background and occupation. According to Maude, social networks link speech communities. The social network of a community is depicted in a social network diagram. This is a drawing that shows at a glance the social network. From the two types of social networks highlighted, that is, closed and open, this study focuses on a Closed Network with preference to Multiplexed opt. The reason for this option is by the fact that all the parties involved in the communication are in one environment (Taylor and Lindlof 77).Emotions play an important role in interpersonal development including the development of relationships. Emotional exchanges occur between individuals may affect the relationship and lead to negative perceptions between the two. Cultures affect how people relate especially if they originate from different continents (McCarty 78). Different cultures have different limitation or allowance of personal space leading to the differences witnessed on the personal space. It is evident that some cultures treat m arriage issues with higher level of confidentiality while others treat it with openness. The Chinese have always practiced a culture of secrecy in issues relating to marriage and relationship as witnessed by several engagements that are not declared public. In the western world, engagement is officially announced at some cases even parties are thrown to commemorate the engagement (McCarty 56). Such secrecy developed by culture shapes the emotions of the individuals. The African culture teaches toughness in relation to gender. Men re expected to be tough and should not cry even when there is loss of loved ones. For instance, if a man

Death and Gender in Othello Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death and Gender in Othello - Research Paper Example Desdemona dies, because of lies and jealousy, as well as racial and gender discrimination. Iago misrepresents many people, so that he can advance his own interests and to take revenge against Cassio and Othello. Othello promotes Cassio instead of Iago, which angers the latter who thinks he is more deserving than Cassio. Iago, with revenge in mind, manipulates people's vulnerabilities or weaknesses, making him â€Å"perhaps Shakespeare’s consummate villain† (Foster 2). Iago is â€Å"evil† enough to not even have any motivation of hating and killing Othello. Foster believes that not being promoted is only the tipping point of Iago's hatred for Iago. Foster argues: â€Å"It is Othello’s candor, openness, and spontaneous, generous love that Iago finds offensive† (2). Suggesting that Othello only seduced his wife indicates Iago's corrupted soul. Iago treats people as victims or tools, and in many ways, he is the â€Å"classical Renaissance atheist,† who is cunning and beyond morality, as he finds it rewarding to darken that which is pure (Foster 2). He knows that his actions can endanger him too, but he trusts in his wits to save him (Foster 2). Iago thinks that his main purpose in life is to be the darkness to people's goodness. And Othello, with his racial and cultural difference, is the perfect target for the dark-spirited Iago. Iago specifically lies about Othello, Cassio, and Desdemona, because he has a corrupted nature with hatred and bitterness in his heart. Iago initially misrepresents Othello to Brabantio, a Venetian senator and Desdemona's father. Iago uses racism to encourage Brabantio to kill Othello. He tells Desdemona's father that Othello seduced her daughter, as if it is impossible for a white woman to love a Moor. Iago gives Brabantio a strong racist image: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram/Is topping your white ewe...† (Shakespeare Act 1, Scene 1). Iago uses pathos to evoke an emotional response from Brabantio. Iago also connives with Roderigo, who wants to steal Desdemona from Othello. Iago, however, is a double spy and he warns Othello of Brabantio's forthcoming allegations and actions. This warning, nevertheless, is Iago's way of reinforcing Othello's trust in him, so that he can further damage the latter. Iago also lies to Roderigo that he is loyal to him. Roderigo only wants Desdemona and since he knows that Iago hates Othello, he has an ally. Roderigo also sends gifts to Desdemona to woo her, but Iago keeps these gifts for himself. Iago appears to be helping Roderigo to win Desdemona's heart, but he only lures him into his web of lies. In this web, the main goal is to kill all those who have â€Å"mistreated† him- Othello and Cassio. Since Othello loves Desdemona, she must also suffer too. Iago also misrepresents Cassio to Othello. Iago even uses his wife, Emily, to use Desdemona's handkerchief as the visual proof of her infidelity. Desdemona accident ally drops her handkerchief that Othello gave to her. Emilia picks it up, and Iago uses that to engender doubt in Othello's mind. When Othello asks Iago for evidence that Desdemona is no longer faithful to him, Iago says that he slept in Cassio’s room and heard Cassio mention sweet words about Desdemona. He says that he had seen Cassio using Desdemona's handkerchief too. Rage consumes Othello, who vows to kill Cassio. He

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Skydiving company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Skydiving company - Essay Example This is to ensure that the business will not suffer from problems which may occur after implementation of the business (Kyle 32). The measures that would be used to assess employees in order to hire them into my company are interviews, work samples, cognitive ability tests and personality inventories. The interview is one of the more vulnerable methods of hiring that can have the disparate impact through which a lawsuit could be the result. The interview process, of the four measures listed, is the most intimate and subjective measure through which a hiring practice is implemented. It is a crucial element of hiring, but also creates an atmosphere that can instigate discriminatory actions, or the perceptions of discriminatory practices. In the interview the potential employee will likely reveal their gender, age, ethnicity, any obvious physical disabilities, and possibly their sexual orientation, all of which cannot be the reason for denying them employment through various discrimination laws. These groups are vulnerable as disadvantaged groups within society. According to Utts, the United States government has determined that if the rates of passing on hires that are classified as minorities exceeds four fifths of the number of passes on the majority then discriminatory hiring practices are being represented (231). In order to prevent an accusation of discriminatory hiring practices based on any of the criteria that could be a basis for such an accusation, records of specific reasons for which a person was passed on for hiring must be kept as a defense. When a disadvantaged individual sues a person in a court of law, one should use evidence which is in the form of documents to support the defense of actions that were taken (Schneid 12). It is not legal to deny employment to a person who is deaf. Title 1 of the American Disability Act prohibits

Critically Analyse the Evolving Role of Ports as Logistics Hubs in Essay

Critically Analyse the Evolving Role of Ports as Logistics Hubs in International Supply Chains - Essay Example Case Example - Role of Rotterdam Port as a Logistic Hub in International Supply Chain 10 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Ports are often viewed as the geographical mediums which contribute to the business in any country. Ports facilitate to entice numerous trading activities within different nations. Ports not only act as a transport system, but also act as a medium of financial activity. Ports are logistic hubs which play a vital part in international business network (Lugt & Nijdam, 2005). Due to the continuous changes in global market context, the international business has changed significantly. Globalisation has eliminated numerous trade restrictions formerly imposed by the government of different countries which in turn has amplified the seaborne trade. The unprecedented growth of seaborne trade has generated huge impact on the logistics and global supply chain. The international supply chain has become quite multifaceted and this trend is stimulated by the demand of people all over the world. In line with the increasing change of demand, the logistics chains are changing continually with the imp rovement of ports. The paper is concerned with analysing the importance of port in global supply chain. The objective of the paper is to assess the various activities of port and how it has evolved to become one of the significant parts of logistics. Literature Research ... America, Africa and Middle East have demonstrated significant growths in import. The trade growth is higher than the global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate. The progresses in global GDP and merchandise business have essentially impacted on the seaborne business and the demand for transportation services. In the year 2007, the cargos transported through ports were forecasted to be around 8.02 billion tonnes which is similar to the yearly growth rate of 4.8%. In transportation, tanker represented almost one third of international cargo transportation. In seaborne trade, Asia was in the leading position with 40% share subsequently America which accounted for 23% share in seaborne trade in 2007. The shares of Europe, Africa and Oceania were 18%, 10% and 9% respectively. These three regions represented almost 80% of total freights (Buck Consultants International, 2009). According to an estimation of UNCTAD, the global seaborne trade will grow by 44% by 2020 and 88% by 2030 encomp assing almost 11.5 billion tonnes and 16.04 billion tonnes correspondingly (Buck Consultants International, 2009). Dynamics of International Logistics Logistics is an activity which is liable for flow of materials. Usually, international logistics has been viewed as an integral part of commercial strategic planning. Logistics is considered as an unavoidable expense and appears within the boundaries of business. Organisations search for raw materials internationally in order to maintain low expenses. The expenses of logistics represent higher portion of sales. In present days, for several large multinational organisations, logistics expenses encompass more than 10% of sales revenue. These expenses are determined by internal as well as external aspects. Internally,

On-Site & Ready-Mix Plaster Comparison Essay Example for Free

On-Site Ready-Mix Plaster Comparison Essay Ready-Mix Spray Plasters – Comparisons FAQ Ready-Mix Spray Plasters are a rapid, cost-effective alternative to traditional (manually mixed manually applied) plaster for finishing external internals walls and ceilings. They are formulated for machine application on fast-track quality building projects. They are supplied as â€Å"dry pre-mixed† to the correct consistency for spray application by Plaster Machines. Ready-Mix Spray plastering has been used in Europe, UK, Far-East for many years and is quickly becoming a widespread alternative to traditional plastering due to both it’s economic benefits and rapid speed of application. What are the Major Differences between: Cement-based: They are used mainly for outdoors, generally for rendering. Cement based plasters can be used indoors for areas that are susceptible to damp and areas that require a greater thickness of cover. What Finishes are available in Ready-Mix Spray Plaster? Normally Ready-Mix Plasters are available in three finishes: Standard smooth Finish – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the plaster is then manually smoothed over with large spatulas or butterfly trowels to give a smooth hard wearing finish Fine Textured – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the spray may be left to give a â€Å"textured† finish. Course Textured – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the spray may be troweled to give a â€Å"textured† finish. For the texture finishes a hard wearing, water resistant material is used which does not need final decoration; ideal for high traffic areas such as stairwells and corridors. What are the Ready-Mix Spray Plaster range? Normally 2 product ranges: Base Plaster: Filler and levelling compound for use over thin joint brick / block systems, uneven in-situ concrete and on refurbishment projects to fill cracks, holes and undulations to prepare surface for final decoration. Normally applied upto 5-10 mm (max. 20 mm) thick in one application. 1 to 2 coats are recommended with 12-24 hrs drying between applications. This is applied using Uelzener Ready-Mix Plaster Machines. Finish Plaster: Normally applied upto 1-2 mm thick as a single top coat on â€Å"Base Plaster† or as a 2 coat finish directly onto smooth backgrounds including pre-cast panels, Aircrete panels, composite boards, and/or refurbishment over previously decorated surfaces. This is applied using Uelzener Ready-Mix Plaster Machines. What is the Coverage of Ready-Mix Spray Plaster? Base Plaster: Normally 1.5–2.0 Kg per m2 at 1 mm thickness Finish Plaster: Normally 1.35-1.5 Kg per m2 Where can Ready-Mix Spray Plaster be used? Ready mix plaster can be applied to almost any substrate including brick work, block work, concrete panels, dry lining, plaster boards, ceramic tiling, artex, wood, glass, steel, old / damaged plaster, and even painted wall coverings (e.g. woodchip). Why should you use Ready-Mix Spray rather than â€Å"traditional on-site† plastering? What are the benefits of â€Å"Ready-Mix Spray Plaster† using UELZENER German Spray Plastering Machines? Quality†¦ * The plaster is supplied â€Å"pre-mixed to the correct consistency† for spray application. * Flexible products: Less likely to crack than plaster skim coats. Final surface is less prone to cracking than traditional plaster. It accommodates normal thermal movement without flaking or chipping. * Non-reactive with all substrates including lime plasters and sand and cement renders. * Offers moisture resistance so suitable for kitchens, bathrooms and changing areas. * Hard Wearing: The material can be specified to be high density and water resistant so is ideal for use in high wear areas such as school and hospital corridors and stair wells. * Specifications: Confirming to DIN, EN, British Standards for Fire Integrity, Acoustic Thermal performance Mechanical strength. * It absorbs and subsequently releases moisture (5-10% of its own weight in water) greatly reducing the incidence of condensation and mould growth. * Insulation properties. Easy†¦ * Can be applied by the same teams applying paint finishes Speed Cost * The use of ready mix plastering over traditional plastering techniques offers significant savings during the project by significantly reducing construction time by optimizing internal fit-out. It’s fast! A two man team can cover between 200 and 500 m2 per day (typically 2-4 times faster than traditional plastering techniques) depending on the substrate. Upto 1,000 m2 per week can be finished by a three man gang. * Surfaces can be emulsion painted 24-48 hrs after final coat (saving project time and cost). * White surface finish reducing paint coats required (saving project time and cost). * Material can be tinted the same colour as the decoration reducing maintenance requirements over a long period (saving project time and cost). * Ease of Access: Heights of upto 3.0-3.5 meters can be plastered without the need for scaffolding or platforms, although brick/block work surface preparation may require scaffolding (Health and Safety).

Effects of speech and language difficulties in children Essay Example for Free

Effects of speech and language difficulties in children Essay Speech, communication and language development are always at the heart of each and every child’s learning as well as the link to other areas of the child’s development. Without these skills in speech, language and communication, a child will not reach their full potentials. According to a report by the Charity ICAN, one out of ten children, about three children in every classroom have difficulties in communication that may require a help from a specialist (http://www.ican.org.uk). With this number of children with communication difficulties, it is very vital to have practitioners who are more knowledgeable to support these kids in speech, language and communication skills. It is very evident that there is an increasing number of children who are entering the education environment with language and speech problems. This speech will highlight some of the main causes of language and speech difficulties along with the effects this can have on the other areas of the child’s development. It will also highlight on the major measures to be taken to effectively boost the children’s communication skills. The effects of language and speech difficulties There are many factors that can cause difficulties in language and speech in children, these include: Childhood illness- a child with chronic ear infection can have a lot of difficulties in language and speech development. In this infection persist, there will be fluids in the ear and this will impact on the child’s hearing. This affects how a child will process the language and hence result in delayed language and speech skills acquisition. Use of bottles and dummies- A prolonged use of bottles and dummies by kids can adversely affect their language, speech and communication skills. Before kids learn to say a word or a sentence, they explore their voices through producing different sounds and noises. So, with a prolonged use of bottles and dummies will make the children adapt the sounds of these bottles and they will hence be using their voices less often. The teat from the dummy or bottle can also disrupt the tongue and lips movement at the front of the mouth and this leads to a distorted speech. Complications in using the oral muscles-children communications skills can also be affected by oral motor disorders. A kid with a oral motor disorder will find it very difficult in using their tongue, jaw and lips’ muscles. This will result in much difficulty in speaking as well as feeding. Developmental difficulties- this will affect the kids with Autistic Spectrum because they will find it very difficult to understand verbal or non-verbal skills. Birth difficulties- Dysathria is a condition that affects the muscles that are used for speech and hence leading to language and speech difficulties. This is mostly caused by changes to the brain during pregnancy and also at birth. Lack of simulation-kids learns through watching others. They copy language by observing the behavior and actions of the others around them. If the kids do not receive adequate simulation, they will end up having difficulties in communication skills. The literacy runs an initiative that is titled, â€Å"talk to your baby† so as to support early language simulation. They state that, â€Å"lack of early language stimulation can lead to language delay, and sometimes literacy and learning difficulties that then extend well beyond early literacy development and can be extremely costly or difficult to remedy.† Impacts of language, speech and communication skills Language, speech and communication skills are very vital for promoting other areas of learning. A child’s with communication difficulties, their overall development will be affected. The impacts of child’s language and communication difficulties vary depending on the individual needs of the child along with the severity of these difficulties. The following areas could be adversely affected. Play- play is vital for children’s development, structuring their confidence as they learn to think about problems, to explore and also to relate to others. When a child gets older, they start using languages to relate to others in the games. The other children start incorporating rules to the games. For a child to play the game he/she must follow the rules, but if they had difficulties in communication, they will obviously be left out and hence this would lead to low self esteem and loss of confidence. This will also affect the child’s Personal, Social and Emotional Development. Friendships- a child with difficulties in communication will find it very difficult in mingling with the others and hence their friendship with other children will be much compromised and this will lead to losing a lot from the others. Literacy- difficulty in understanding and processing language can lead to delays in acquisition of phonic and reading skills. Adapting the communication methods for these kids Since different children will have varying level of severity, there are different methods that can be employed to individual children to support their problems. Praise the childeren’s efforts- praising a child on what they have done well will raise the child’s self esteem and confidence, hence boosting their participation. Guided activity-Every time you talk with a child with this difficulty, always use a simple language or phrases. Slow down communication- give the child time to listen, think and work on what has been said. Rushing a child may make them think that they have failed. Children will be more likely to answer questions if they feel comfortable and are given the opportunity to participate. Use of visual aids-this could be a very successful strategy for training children with communication difficulties. In everyday’s communication, hand actions and gestures could support a conversation and also engage a child. Visual aids could be used to help children in understanding the day to day routine and making decisions. Conclusion To conclude, I would say it would be important for us to adapt the communication methods for the kids that are well suited for them to develop their good language, speech and the overall communication skills. Adaptation paper Effects of speech and language difficulties in children The choices made The main reason that I chose this topic is because everyone here has come into contact with a child with language, speech or overall communication skills difficulties. So it is very vital for us to understand the difficulties that these kids pass through so that we could be able to help them out of this problem. This is so because we are now the adults that these young ones are looking for help. Hence, it is very vital if we understood these difficulties so that we shall be able to help these children. Through this, I was sure that we shall understand how the language and speech difficulties can really impact on the young one’s overall development. Through this we shall be able to identify the extent of the problem and administer the best possible solutions. Also, one day we were all kids. We have seen many kids grow and hence through this we know the many requirements of a child in learning and the acquisition of communication skills. So I decided to choose on this topic to boost our knowledge on caring for these kids and also to be responsible adults. This is a topic that people think that they know everything that should be done but I had to dig out to come up with facts about it so as to substantiate on what others knew. For instance, on how language, speech and communication will impact on the overall development of the child, one could point out the social, personal and emotional development. This looks at how a child will develop self esteem and confidence and also at how children make decisions and choices. It is really important to learn the ways in which these communication problems could be modified because a kid with a communication and language difficulty may find it vey difficulty to express their preference and needs, and this makes it very difficulty to make their own choices and decisions. So the development of acceptable communication skills is very reliant on the help from the adults like most of my audience. Children may refrain from engaging or entering social institutions where they have difficulties in interacting and participating to the fullest this can adversely affect the their social and emotional difficulties. So it is very vital that I could address this issue. References http://www.ican.org.ukhttp://www.literacytrust.org.uk/talk_to_your_baby/about(http://media.education.gov.uk/MediaFiles/B/1/5/%7BB15EFF0D-A4DF-4294-93A1-1E1B88C13F68%7DTickell%20review.pdf) http://www.istockphoto.com Source document

Catholic Rosary Practical And Pious Religion Essay

Catholic Rosary Practical And Pious Religion Essay Introduction Throughout history numerous devices have been created and used for the purpose of counting. Within the field of mathematics the abacus and its beads was of great importance because of its ability to maintain a numerical tally. Religions have since adapted this method to items more applicable to the faith due to the repetition of prayers. For example within Islam, beads are used to count the ninety nine names of Allah, and Buddhists also use beads to recite 1,000s of mantras.  [1]  However, beads are a merely a compliment to the ritual it is used in. A religious sect within Christianity have not only used beads to count but termed the object the same name as the ritual practice it is used in. General Description Within the Christian faith, Catholics use a rosary as a means of devotion to Mary, who is known as the Mother of Jesus.  [2]  The word rosary can be used within two contexts: a physical set of beads and the ritual of devotion. The beads are used as a method to track the prayers completed during the practice. The rosary when referring to the material object is a string composed of five sets of ten beads, each separated by one large bead respectively.  [3]  The string is held together with a circular image, which is similar to that of a necklace. The image has two large and three smaller beads along with a pendant attached  [4]  (Appendix A). Rosaries come in all shapes and sizes, in various colours and can be made from anything from wood to plastic. The term rosary, when referred to in the context of the ritual, consists of the repetition of three main prayers along with the statement of beliefs in the beginning.  [5]  This practice can be completed by anyone, at any t ime, regardless of whether in a group or praying by ones self. The rosary can be viewed as a non-discriminatory practice wherein people from all faiths can partake in it. It can also be said in any location, but preferably in a Catholic place of worship, the church. Technical Description The descriptions mentioned above are but an outline for what the physical rosary is, as well as the Catholic practice of the rosary. Further details will now be given in order to develop a better understanding of the rosary as exemplified within both of its contexts. In terms of the physical object, the pendant attached to the beads is better known as a crucifix, a term Catholics use symbolizing an article in the form of a cross depicting Jesus death  [6]  . In addition the circular image is one of Mary, it joins the five sets of ten beads to the separated five other beads and crucifix. This image embodies the fact that the rosary as devotion, was first offered to Mary. The traditional material used to manufacture rosaries is olive wood, which is said to have been the wood of the cross that Jesus was hung on.  [7]  However, due to modern adaptations rosaries are now are made from various materials. The Catholic practice of the rosary begins with the sign of the cross. This symbolic custom is one that commences every ritual within the Catholic faith.  [8]  The action occurring is simply using ones hands to touch the forehead, then the heart, and each shoulder, left to right respectively in order to make a cross. After completing this action, practitioners complete a set of preliminary prayers starting with the Catholic prayer titled the Apostles Creed (Appendix B). The words contained within this prayer express the faith of the practitioner and the main system of beliefs for Catholics.  [9]  This would then lead to the praying of the Our Father (Appendix B), followed by three Hail Marys (Appendix B) and ending with a Glory Be to the Father (Appendix B). This would mark the ending of the preliminary portion and lead to a meditation which changed depending on the day the rosary was said. After this begins another Our Father, but this time with ten Hail Marys, followed by y et another Glory Be to the Father. This sequence of prayers starting with the meditation and ending with the Glory Be to the Father is referred to as one decade.  [10]  There are a total of five decades within one rosary, but four different versions of the rosary. As previously mentioned, the meditations of the rosary change depending on the day of the week it is said. There are four different versions referred to by Catholics as mysteries, including: Joyful (Monday and Saturday), Sorrowful (Tuesday and Friday), Glorious (Wednesday and Sunday) and Luminous (Thursday)  [11]  (Appendix B). Each mystery has five meditations on specific events pertaining to the theme. Each of these five meditations is reflected on while praying the rosary. Location within the Religion Within Catholicism, the rosary is considered to be a symbolic item as well as an informal practice. The first appearance of the physical set of beads is early within the religion and can be seen in various images depicting early practitioners. The ritual itself is viewed as secondary means of devotion (primary being sacraments and liturgy) that can be completed at ones own will.  [12]  Though the act of praying the rosary is not formal in the sense that it is not a requirement, it serves as a meditative method of prayer for those seeking a deeper spiritual faith. Historical Information and ties to Doctrines The praying of the rosary traces its origins to the Book of Psalms contained within the Bible. Catholics refer to Psalms as songs of praise to God.  [13]  During the early days of the Catholicism, many lay people wanted to partake in the praying of the Psalms but could not commit all 150 to memory, thus a substitute was created. There is evidence in the early sixteenth century of a book titled the Chiropsalterium, which instructed practitioners to use their hands as a mnemonic device when praying.  [14]  This also incorporated 150 repetitions of the Our Fathers as substitutions for the psalms. The Our Father is said to be the most perfect of all prayers, since it was composed for our needs by our Lord himself as stated by John S. Johnson.  [15]  He goes on further to state that within the Gospel of Matthew in the Catholic Bible, Jesus declares that this is the method in which one should pray to God.  [16]  Catholics today take these words with a few alterations and co nsider it the Lords Prayer. These 150 repetitions were later divided into three sets of 50, a fact attesting to the rosarys adaptability.  [17]  During this time, the popularity of the famous prayer, the Hail Mary grew, and was added as an alternative to some of the many Our Fathers owing to its simplicity. The initial wording of the Hail Mary comes from the Gospel of Luke when Mary is first greeted by the angel Gabriel along with the greeting Elizabeth gives to her cousin Mary.  [18]  The rest of the text was contributed to various other leaders within the faith to create the prayer that is commonly used today. With the majority of the rosary as repetitions of the Hail Mary, it was then associated with devotion to Mary. This is where the term rosary comes from. The Latin word rosarium, meaning rose garden was evident in early images of Mary.  [19]  The word rosary simply stemmed from there. The addition of the Glory Be to the Father occurred over time by various leaders as the ritual grew in accept ance throughout the faith. This prayer is shorter than the other two but is filled with praise and worship type phrases. Deep roots are found pertaining to the theme of the Holy Trinity, denoting the expression of how three persons exist in one God.  [20]   As Catholicism grew in numbers, so did the need for meditations pertaining to Jesus life. It was out of convenience that each of the three sets of 50 was then further cut down to groups of 10, with each mystery having five important events relating to a respective theme.  [21]  It is St. Dominic, who during the fifteenth century, is attributed to the founding of what is now referred to as the Rosary. According to tradition, Mary is said to have appeared to him and told him to spread the word contained within the Psalter.  [22]  This then formalized to the three mysteries with five decades in each. In 2002, the fourth mystery was added by the Pope completing what is now known as the Catholic Rosary.  [23]   Analysis Praying by hand distinguished the Catholic rosary from other forms of popular devotion. Even with the absence of the string of beads, ones ten fingers could easily serve as a counter and reminder that when meditating the whole body and mind should be focused on the mysteries. The essence behind repetition is to ingrain the message behind the words into ones mind in order to make application easier. Though the practice of the rosary appears repetitive by nature, it is important to look at the big picture. The ritual is said to be a method of prayer offered to Mary. Why then are the mysteries pertaining to the life of Jesus? One might answer that the Christianity is rooted in Jesus, thus all element must relate to him. Mary is viewed as a means to Jesus and her importance within the rosary has decreased significantly since its initial development.  [24]   Another issue to be raised is the fact that the Catholic Church prides itself on its traditions. The roots of the Rosary relate to The 150 Psalms contained within the Bible, yet the modern rosary appears to have no relation to that whatsoever. The answer to this can simply be attributed to the fact that the rosary is an informal practice and has adapted through time.  [25]  The mysteries of the rosary play a larger role when compared to the Psalms. Conclusion Though the history of beads serves as a useful method of counting, Catholicism has adapted its utility into a practice and object that provide far greater service to practitioners within the faith. The rosary as discussed earlier plays a vital role in methods of devotion to both Jesus and Mary. The physical beads of the rosary serve as a practical counter during prayers. The actual custom of praying the rosary is completed in order to build a stronger relationship with God or to be pious. Appendix Ahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Rosary.svg/424px-Rosary.svg.png Source: Microsoft ClipArt Appendix B Apostles Creed I believe in God the Father, Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth: And in Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son, our Lord: Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary: Suffered under Pontius Pilate; was crucified, dead and buried: He descended into hell: The third day he rose again from the dead: He ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty: From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead: I believe in the Holy Spirit: I believe in the holy Catholic Church: the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins: The resurrection of the body: And the life everlasting. Amen. Our Father Our Father, Who art in heaven Hallowed be Thy Name; Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. Hail Mary Hail Mary, full of grace. Our Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. Glory Be to the Father Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Mysteries of the Rosary The Five Joyful Mysteries The Annunciation The Visitation The Birth of Our Lord The Presentation of Our Lord The Finding of Our Lord in the Temple The Five Sorrowful Mysteries The Agony in the Garden The Scourging at the Pillar The Crowning with Thorns The Carrying of the Cross The Crucifixion The Five Glorious Mysteries The Resurrection The Ascension The Coming of the Holy Spirit The Assumption of our Blessed Mother into Heaven The Coronation of our Blessed Mother The Five Luminous Mysteries   The Baptism in the Jordan The Wedding at Cana The Proclamation of the Kingdom The Transfiguration The Institution of the Eucharist

Automatic Robot Forklift Essay -- Robotics

Robotic Forklift Background Our final project is a semi-automatic Robotic Forklift, which will receive directions of where to go from a remote control and be autonomous from then on. The robotic forklift system is designed for use by companies dealing with medium to large sized inventories, including warehouses and storage facilities. Companies with large inventories in warehouses need to be able to quickly and easily transport these goods within the warehouse without concerning human operators with the monotonous task of operating forklifts. Storage companies have a similar need; they must take in and store large inventories while also being able to quickly and easily access these items on demand. The use of human operators can be costly and wasteful. By eliminating human operators companies are able to lower labor costs and increase efficiency. Human factory employees need to be paid and given benefits like health insurance and paid vacation time. Since robots don’t need breaks and vacations! and are not paid, they are able to operate with more speed than humans in the long run and at lower costs. The first mass storage in human history was the granary, usually a large building used to store threshed grain or animal feed in pottery containers, and often situated off the ground to keep the stores away from water. The earliest known granary was found in the Jordan River Valley, and was estimated to have been constructed around 9500 B.C.E. ("Granary", Wikipedia) Buildings used for storage have greatly evolved in both form and functionality in the time since then, but for the most part, they have always been stocked and managed by human beings, albeit with the help of lifting devices such as the forklift. Only ... ...dvantage, these wholesale stores could also use the forklift to restock the shelves. Resources/Works Cited: "Introduction to robots and android humanoids".11/24/2005. 7/24/2006. Raithel,Tom . "Robots Replace forklift drivers.". CourierPress. 5/14/2005. accessed through: Robot Gossip drivers.html>.7/24/2006 "Automated Warehousing" 7/24/2006 â€Å"Bertello S.p.A† 7/24/2006 Corecon. â€Å"Robotic Forklifts for Industry† 7/24/2006 & 8/3/2006 â€Å"Granary†7/24/2006 â€Å"Warehouse†7/24/2006

The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) :: Globalization World Trade

The World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Before I took this class I would have never fathomed the fact that an organization such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) existed. I’m interested in the fact that the whole world takes part in the WTO’S dealing with rules of trade between all of the different nations. The World Trade Organization is located in Geneva Switzerland with about 147 countries in association with the organization. It was established on January 1st 1995 in an effort to forum for trade negotiations, handle international trade disputes, and monitor national trade policies and administering WTO trade agreements. I feel that this organization is very necessary because the world definitely needs the kind of formal order that the WTO gives regarding trade issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The IMF stands for the International Monetary Fund which is in charge of overseeing global monetary cooperation, securing financial stability, and promoting high employment and economic growth. This organization is associated with over 184 different countries in operating surveillance, and both financial and technical assistance. This organization strives to prevent any type of crisis in the system by encouraging countries to adopt effective economic policies. The World Bank Group on the other hand supports the efforts of developing country governments to build schools and health centers, provide water and electricity, fight various diseases and protect the environment. The World Bank is currently involved 1,800 projects around the world to try to improve every lacking quality of a country. Even though the World Bank claims the name that it does, it actually is not a bank at all but does lend money to nations with the intent of completing various projects. The IMF can be held responsible for this as well but the World Bank Group is probably more involved in giving the necessary funds to countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The WTO and the IMF play a big economic role because they continue to strive to improve the present global economic situation. I also like how they will not give a country the necessary funds if they are under communist rule because then the country’s leader could be doing God knows what with that money that’s really supposed to be used for the country’s well being.

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Essays

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye Dear Holden, Hi mate, what’s gone wrong with you? I can’t believe this has happened to you. You were fine when I left, after Allie dying and all. You know when I last saw you I was with Rachel (The English Actress). Well I proposed to her and she said yes. I am organising our honeymoon and the wedding so I am a bit tied up at the moment. So that is why I am writing a letter and not coming down to see you in person. In your previous letter, on a few occasions, you seemed to talk as if you were a different person. I wanna give you some advice. It will be easier if I tell you how I would have acted, or how you should have acted, just to help you. I remember you told me about that guy, Stradlater, and he was going on a date with Jane. He asked you to do an essay for him. I wouldn’t have done it for him; you have got your own life, try living it brother. Why didn’t you tell him you didn’t want to do it for him? If he was an alright guy he would have stayed at the school and written it himself. He was walking all over you and he only did it because you did not have anything better to do, because you were getting kicked out of Pencey in a few days. The thing with you is that you just can’t help yourself. Stradlater started talking for ages about Jane Gallagher and his date with her and you were stunned by this information. So when you stopped talking he just asked you. â€Å"Will you do it for me then?† and you gave in to him. It didn’t take any persuasion. Nothing. Later on in your letter, you talked about meeting this pimp, Maurice, in a lift. He asked you if you wanted to have some fun that night. Why? Why did you say yes? You don’t have to have a prostitute to have a good time. They are for sick, old perverts, not a sixteen-year-old, Holden. When the girl turned up, you should have just given her the money and made her leave. You didn’t even have to talk to her. She had her own life and she either wanted to have sex or go back to sleep. When that pimp came back because you didn’t give the girl enough money you should have just given the money to him. In your description he sounded huge, so I would have given him it.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34

33 RIVERA During the drive to Pine Cove, Rivera was nagged by the idea that he had forgotten something. It wasn't that he hadn't reported where he was going; he had planned that. Until he had physical evidence that there was a serial killer in the area, he wasn't saying a word. But when he knocked on the Elliotts' front door and it swung open, he suddenly remembered that his bullet-proof vest was hanging in his locker back at the station. He called into the house and waited for an answer. None came. Only cops and vampires have to have an invitation to enter, he thought. But there is probable cause. The part of his mind that functioned like a district attorney kicked in. â€Å"So, Sergeant Rivera,† the lawyer said, â€Å"you entered a private residence based on a computer data base that could have been no more than a mailing list?† â€Å"I believed that Effrom Elliott's name on the list represented a clear and present danger to a private citizen, so I entered the residence.† Rivera drew his revolver and held it in his right hand while he held his badge out in his left. â€Å"Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, this is Sergeant Rivera from the Sheriff's Department. I'm coming in the house.† He moved from room to room announcing his presence before he entered. The bedroom door was closed. He saw the splintered bullet hole in the door and felt his adrenaline surge. Should he call for backup? The D.A. said: â€Å"And so you entered the house on what basis?† Rivera came through the door low and rolled. He lay for a moment on the floor of the empty room, feeling stupid. What now? He couldn't call in and report a bullet hole in a residence that he had probably entered illegally, especially when he hadn't reported that he was in Pine Cove in the first place. One step at a time, he told himself. Rivera returned to his unmarked car and reported that he was in Pine Cove. â€Å"Sergeant Rivera,† the dispatcher said, â€Å"there is a message for you from Technical Sergeant Nailsworth. He said to tell you that Robert Masterson is married to the granddaughter of Effrom Elliott. He said he doesn't know what it means, but he thought you should know.† It meant that he had to find Robert Masterson. He acknowledged the message and signed off. Fifteen minutes later he was at The Breeze's trailer. The old pickup was gone and no one answered the door. He radioed the station and requested a direct patch to the Spider. â€Å"Nailgun, can you get me Masterson's wife's home address? He gave the trailer as residence when we brought him in. And give me the place where she works.† â€Å"Hold on, it'll be just a second for her address.† Rivera lit a cigarette while he waited. Before he took the second drag, Nailsworth came back with the address and the shortest route from Rivera's location. â€Å"It will take a little longer for the employer. I have to access the Social Security files.† â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Five, maybe ten minutes.† â€Å"I'm on my way to the house. Maybe I won't need it.† â€Å"Rivera, there was a fire call at that address this morning. That mean anything to you?† â€Å"Nothing means anything to me anymore, Nailsworth.† Five minutes later Rivera pulled up in front of Jenny's house. Everything was covered with a gummy gray goo, a mix of ashes, flour, and water from the fire hoses. As Rivera climbed out of the car, Nailsworth called back. â€Å"Jennifer Masterson is currently employed at H.P.'s Cafe, off Cypress in Pine Cove. You want the phone number?† â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"If she's not here, I'll go over there. It's just a few doors down from my next stop.† â€Å"You need anything else?† Nailsworth sounded as if he was holding something back. â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"I'll call if I do.† â€Å"Rivera, don't forget about that other matter.† â€Å"What matter?† â€Å"Roxanne. Check on her for me.† â€Å"As soon as I can, Nailsworth.† Rivera threw the radio mike onto the passenger seat. As he walked up to the house, he heard someone come on the radio singing a chorus to the song â€Å"Roxanne† in a horrible falsetto. Nailsworth had shown his weakness over an open frequency, and now, Rivera knew, the whole department would ride the fat man's humiliation into the ground. When this was over, Rivera promised himself, he would concoct a story to vindicate the Spider's pride. He owed him that. Of course, that depended on Rivera vindicating himself. The walk to the door covered his shoes with gray goo. He waited for an answer and returned to the car, cursing in Spanish, his shoes converted to dough balls. He didn't get out of the car at H.P.'s Cafe. It was obvious from the darkened windows that no one was inside. His last chance was the Head of the Slug Saloon. If Masterson wasn't there, he was out of leads, and he would have to report what he knew, or, what was more embarrassing, what he didn't know, to the captain. Rivera found a parking place in front of the Slug behind Robert's truck, and after taking a few minutes to get his right shoe unstuck from the gas pedal, he went in. 34 U-PICK-EM The Pagan Vegetarians for Peace called them the Sacred Caves because they believed that the caves had once been used by Ohlone Indians for religious ceremonies. This, in fact, was not true, for the Ohlone had avoided the caves as much as possible due to the huge population of bats that lived there, bats that were inextricably locked into the destiny of the caves. The first human occupation of the caves came in the 1960s, when a down-and-out farmer named Homer Styles decided to use the damp interior of the caves to cultivate mushrooms. Homer started his business with five hundred wooden crates of the sort used for carting soda bottles, and a half-gallon carton of mail-order mushroom spores; total investment: sixteen dollars. Homer had stolen the crates from behind the Thrifty-Mart, a few at a time, over the period of weeks that it took him to read the pamphlet Fungus for Fun and Profit, put out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. After filling the crates with moist peat and laying them out on the cave floor, Homer spread his spores and waited for the money to roll in. What Homer didn't figure on was the rapid growth rate of the mushrooms (he'd skipped that part of the pamphlet), and within days he found himself sitting in a cave full of mushrooms with no market and no money to pay for help in harvesting. The solution to Homer's problem came from another government pamphlet entitled The Consumer-Harvested Farm, which had come, by mistake, in the same envelope with Fungus for Fun. Homer took his last ten dollars and placed an ad in the local paper: Mushrooms, $.50 lb. U-PICK-EM, your container. Old Creek Road. 9?C5 daily. Mushroom-hungry Pine Covers came in droves. As fast as the mushrooms were harvested, they grew back, and the money rolled in. Homer spent his first profits on a generator and a string of lights for the caves, figuring that by extending his business hours into the evening, his profits would grow in proportion. It would have been a sound business move had the bats not decided to rear their furry heads in protest. During the day the bats had been content to hang out on the roof of the cave while Homer ran his business below. But on the first night of Homer's extended hours when the bats woke to find their home invaded by harshly lit mushroom pickers, their tolerance ended. There were twenty customers in the caves when the lights went on. In an instant the air above them was a maelstrom of screeching, furry, flying rodents. In the rush to exit, one woman fell and broke a hip and another was bitten on the hand while extracting a bat from her hair. The cloud of bats soon disappeared into the night, only to be replaced the next day by an equally dense cloud of landbound vermin: personal-injury lawyers. The varmints prevailed in court. Homer's business was destroyed, and once again the bats slept in peace. A depressed Homer Styles went on a binge in the Head of the Slug. He spent four days in an Irish whiskey haze before his money ran out and Mavis Sand sent him to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting. (Mavis could tell when a man had hit bottom, and she felt no need to pump a dry well.) Homer found himself in the meeting room of the First National Bank, telling his story. It happened that at that same meeting a young surfer who called himself The Breeze was working off a court-ordered sentence he had earned by drunkenly crashing a '62 Volkswagen into a police cruiser and promptly puking on the arresting officer's shoes. The farmer's story touched off an entrepreneurial spark in the surfer, and after the meeting The Breeze cornered Homer with a proposition. â€Å"Homer, how would you like to make some heavy bread growing magic mushrooms?† The next day the farmer and the surfer were hauling bags of manure into the caves, spreading it over the peat, and scattering a completely different type of spore. According to The Breeze their crop would sell for ten to twenty dollars an ounce instead of the fifty cents a pound that Homer received for his last crop. Homer was enraptured with the possibility of becoming rich. And he would have, if not for the bats. As the day of their first harvest neared, The Breeze had to take his leave of their plantation to serve the weekend in the county jail (the first of fifty – the judge had not been amused at having barf-covered police shoes presented as evidence in his courtroom). Before he left, The Breeze assured Homer that he would return Monday to help with the drying and marketing of the mushrooms. In the meantime, the woman who had been bitten during the debacle of the bats, came down with rabies. County animal-control agents were ordered to the caves to destroy the bat colony. When the agents arrived, they found Homer Styles crouched over a tray of psychedelic mushrooms. The agents offered Homer the option of walking away and leaving the mushrooms, but Homer refused, so they radioed the sheriff. Homer was led away in handcuffs, the animal-control agents left with their pockets filled with mushrooms, and the bats were left alone. When The Breeze was released on Monday, he found himself in search of a new scam. A few months later, while incarcerated at the state prison in Lompoc, Homer Styles received a letter from The Breeze. The letter was covered with a fine yellow powder and read: â€Å"Sorry about your bust. Hope we can bury the hatchet.† Homer buried the letter in a shoe box he kept under his bunk and spent the next ten years living in relative luxury on the profits he made from selling psychedelic mushrooms to the other inmates. Homer sampled his crop only once, then swore off mushrooms for life when he hallucinated that he was drowning in a sea of bats.

Gough Whitlam Policies

GOUGH WHITLAM POLICIES Social Justice and comparability is the meaning of all humans in lodge have the same and suitable rights disregardless of their gender, race or morality etc. it works on the universal proposition principles that restrain people through the advantages and disadvantages inside the society. The commitment of the Gough Whitlam government was based on social justice and equality and support areas in the society such as, education, migrants and wellness reforms. Whitlam and the government changed these laws and others with debates, conventions and policies. carve up 2 EDUCATION REFORM- in the travel by the Education reform there was increase University fees, that was unaffordable for most Australians. Until the Whitlam wear Government abolished the Uni fees and introduced ordinal education assist to help support students with fee costs which then lead to increase educational opportunities for all Australians. PARAGRAPH 3 MIGRANT REFORM- Policies related to migration went from enculturation to Integration and now to multiculturalism.The Racial variation Act 1975 banned all forms of discrimination on the basis of colour, race or ethnic origin. The Discrimination Act back up to the development of multiculturalism and tried to prevent variant within society. The Whitlam government policy tries to advertise the benefits of multicultural Australia and encourage people from non-English disquisition backgrounds to become part of the community. PARAGRAPH 4 HEALTH REFORM- In 1973 a authoritative national health restitution arrangement was introduced by the Whitlam Labour Government called Medibank.The occasion of Medibank was to help provide many benefits to Australians and their families regardless of wealth. It gradually involved to a drop medical service, which means providing health insurance coverage for all Australians leading to increase spending on health. CONCLUSION The Gough Whitlam Labour Government reforms, education, h ealth, migrant and etc have acquire a number of good and braggy outcomes leading towards created policies for all Australians in society to have the same and equal rights.

Geely Automobile

Inter content occupation purlieu Analysis for Geely plc. 1 trans interior(a) melodic line surround II Module title ball-shaped military control environs (P13KL9) Module convener Lei Li prenomen Critical Analysis of global product line milieu in UK and Malaysia A Project of Geely plcs impertinent Expansion Group Name List collection NO. ID NO. 6501184 6501425 6501559 6501825 6501972 6500420 6501843 NAME Chen Yiduo Wang Hao Yin Xiaoyun Wang Zheng Zhu Weixing Zhu Leizhen Wu Gaoying fol pitiful-t aned of Words 4201 Submission Time/ troth fourteenth May, 2010 2 foreign pedigree environs II Coering NoteYiduo, Chen(6501184), Leader ASEAN, leverage the multinational institutionsASEAN, UNNC Gaoying, Wu (6501843) WTO, UNNC Hao, Wang (6501425) EU, Leverage the multinational institutionsEU, UNNC Leizhen, Zhu (6500420) Income profile, finale, merchandiseplace summaryIncome profile, UNNC entree, Econography, semipolitical essay, legal opinion, demonstration, UNNC Wei xin, Zhu (6501972) Xiaoyun, Yin (6501559) lawful System, Exchange estimate, Geelys Reacts, Recommendations, UNNC Zheng, Wang (6501825) task regime, Restrictions, Marketing analysislegal system, UNNC 3 multinational Business milieu II Table of contents Pages 1. innovation .. 5 2. ECLIPTER facotrs analysis. 5 2. 1Econography 2. 2 farming 2. 3 Legal system 2. 4Income profile 2. 5 governanceal risk 2. 6 Tax governance 2. 7 Exchange yard 2. 8 Restrictions Institutions. .. 13 3. 1 WTO 3. 2 EU 3. 3 ASEAN 3. 4. Assessment of Geelys general k right offl parade domain(prenominal)ist expansion dodge 15 5. Marketing analysis 16 5. 1 Legal system 5. 2 Income profile 6. Geelys defends to the impact of the ECLIPTER. 8 7. Leverage the tripartite institutions.. .. 19 7. 1 ASEAN 7. 2 EU 8. Implications and Recommendations.. .. . 20 9. closure.. 21 10. References.. .. .. 22 11. Appendix (Interview)28 4 external Business surroundings II 1. Introduction Geely, the chinawargon-base d gondola family and one of the sassyly-emerged multinationals in the solid ground railroad gondola railway gondolamobile foodstuff, exerts tremendous functions on the political machine manufacturing. This examine get protrude conduct a critical analysis of the supranational business environment that the troupe faces.In the starting line part, the ECLIPTER factors including econography, culture, legal system, income profile, political risk, impose regime, interchange rate and substituterictions, together with the multilateral institutions such as WTO, EU and ASEAN al low for be examined by exploitation UK and Malaysia as examples. Then based on this analysis, it leave alone propose an assessment of the gilds overall worldwideist expansion dodge and process. In the s part, legal system and income profile, the political machinedinal approximately principal(prenominal) ECLIPTER factors on Geely overseas operations, entrust be evaluated.Further more than than than(prenominal), the strategy which Geely assign ond to deal with the impact of these devil factors and supplement the multilateral institutions depart be shown. Finally, this report forgo prove whether the comp any(prenominal)s multinational adaptation of the business function is impressive, and because give more or little recommendations and lessons. 2. ECLIPTER Factors Analysis 2. 1 Econography Econography refers to physical and human as fit(p)s including aloofness from major(ip) merchandises, and indispensable resources of nations that affect persistence performance.In the first, the close maintain surrounded by leaven company and unk right offn subsidiary sess armed service the company to progeny down the transport cost and overhead expenses it besides stinker improve the connection amongst them. If the pargonnt company is in China, it is violate to fortify a subsidiary in Asia such as Malaysia. Secondly, the natural resources apply for making railcars mainly include steel, copper, and aluminum. If the rural owns rich mineral resources, it can greatly provide get in the employment of railroad cars. unity of the major purposes for many multinational corporations establishing overseas subsidiaries is to exploit the distant natural resources.This is estimable for companies to 5 International Business milieu II reduce production costs and get competitory emoluments. As globe nerve tie-up reported in 2009 that the crude steel production of unite Kingdom is 13. 5 in 2008, whereas the crude steel production of Malaysia is 6. 1 in 2008. 2. 2 Culture This paragraph pass on analyze the effects of culture on simple machine industry through with(predicate) power distance index and scrimping rate. Firstly, power distance index measures the degree of discrimination exists in a society (Hofstede, 1997). The power distance index is 80 in Malaysia whereas it is just 35 in UK (Hofstede, 2008).The unequal diffusion of wealth makes nearly Malaysian citizens prefer to h close totime(a) a mercenary auto. So the inexpensive Geely auto could be a good option for them. Secondly, parsimoniousness rate could be a regular to show the attitude of citizens. The frugality rate of Malaysia was 47 per cent in the socio-economic signifier 1998 which ranks guerilla in Asia (Azia, 2004). In contrast, the saving rate in UK was significantly low, which was less than 10 sh atomic number 18 in the past ten years. For instance, the saving rate of UK household in 2008 was only 1. 7 sh arage (chart 1)(Presser, 2008). So UK citizens be apt to consume a relatively high worth car. chart 1Resource from Posser (2008) 6 International Business environs II 2. 3 Legal system The auto industry has been affected by laws and government regulations since the 1960s. The first sentry go device act passed in 1966 by carnal knowledge and was called the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle guard Act (Highf ill, 2004). This act forced manufacturers to improve the guard for the passengers, the driver visibility, and the braking of the car. Not only safety, only if withal environment is being growingly concerned even forwards the oil colour crisis. The Vehicle Air Pollution and discipline Act passed in 1965 was the first act to set standards for pushcar pollution.Then in the 1970s, social intercourse passed the white Air Act that led to a 90% decrease in railway car emission deep down the next six years (ibid). In the 1970s the oil crisis led to the approval of The Energy Policy and saving Act of 1975 which stated that all locomotes must discover a trusted mileage per gallon. The act unavoidable that all political machines had to meet a standard of 20mpg by the 1980 model and then 27. 5 mpg for the 1985 model (ibid). EU 2020 suppuration strategy in like manner emphasizes the deductionance of low speed of light simple machine ( hunting lodge of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 2010).There argon overly many special laws for auto industry in different countries, such as Malaysia, which has strengthened a free trade bea for production and assembly of products for merchandise-oriented infixprises. Companies can enjoy the minimum tariffs, untoughened materials and simplified mechanical equipment import formalities. Nevertheless, the Malaysia government regulates that more than 80% products should export to former(a) countries (Daily sensitives, 2006). Furthermore, the UK Byers Acts Measures to cut the number equipment casualty of a car by ? 1, hundred and that private car buyers around ? 1 million a year.Although it may lower the profitability of auto industry, the number of consumers forget increase gradually (DTI, 2000). 2. 4 Income profile Since railcar is non inferior goods, the hold of automobile would rise when income increases. In the economic manifestation, income could be an indicator of the purchasing power of individua ls and nations. Data from UK national statistics office (2010) demonstrated that despite the deoxidizeed 4. 9 percent of gross domestic product in the whole year, the gross domestic product increased 0. 4 percent in 7 International Business environs II the fourthly after part of 2009. Furthermore, Household expenditure excessively arise 0. percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 in UK (chart2). For Malaysia, the GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 was 4. 5 though the figure was negative in the whole year (chart 3) (Malaysia statistics, 2010). It can be nonice that the economy of some(prenominal) UK and Malaysia describem to recover from the worldwide fiscal crisis. This positive signal predicts the growing read and distensible market for Geely in both countries. Chart 2 Resource from UK statistics 2010 Chart3 Resource from Malaysia statistics 2010 8 International Business surround II The core battle of Geely automobile relies on its high performance-price ratio.Per g roovy GNI (Gross national income) in Malaysia was 25784 RM in 2008. By analyzing the 2004 United Nations human race Development (UNHDP) report, except the 20% population of richest and poorest class, Geely leave behind be a split superior for the rest citizens in Malaysia(chart 4) (Lumpur, 2004). In comparison, the materialization people posting for a great amount of population in UK. A source from HMRC shows the average income of under 20 years is ? 9,570 and 20-24 years is ? 13,200 which is below the average (chart 5). It implies that when young generation decide to buy a car, price is the first consideration factor.For medium quality car manufacture companies, young population in UK could be a say-so group of customers. Chart 4 9 International Business milieu II Chart5 Median Age Band Under 20 years 20 24 ? 11,800 years 25 29 ? 17,000 years 30 -34 ? 19,500 years 35 39 ? 20,100 years 40-44 ? 20,200 years 45 49 ? 20,300 years Resource from Lumpur (2004) ? 28,600 ? 24,80 0 ? 35,400 ? 15,200 ? 20,100 ? 28,100 ? 24,600 ? 34,600 ? 14,900 ? 19,800 ? 26,800 ? 23,600 ? 31,700 ? 15,500 ? 20,100 ? 23,900 ? 21,600 ? 26,700 ? 16,400 ? 20,100 ? 19,300 ? 17,800 ? 20,600 ? 15,900 ? 17,800 ? 3,200 ? 12,400 ? 13,800 ? 11,200 ? 12,300 ? 8,130 ? 9,570 ? 8,490 ? 9,810 ? 7,990 ? 9,250 Median Income repute Income Income (Men) (Men) (Women) (Women) Income Income Income Mean Median Mean 2. 5 Political risk gibe to Guinger (2001), political risk describes the stability of government institutions. It can be measured in a variety of ways such as likelihood of unusual aggression and civil insurrection. The Transp argonncy International (2009) showed that UK and Malaysia both face whatever problems of political decadency, which adversely affects the efficiency of economic operation.World Bank estimates that corruption could cost Malaysia as such(prenominal) as RM10 10 International Business Environment II one million million million a year an amount equivalent to 1 or 2 per cent of GDP. The corruption in the UK is lighter than Malaysia, which ranked 17, whereas Malaysia ranked 56 in world in 2009 based on depravation Perceptions Index 2009. But the corruption in UK is not unheard. Surveys by Control Risks and Simmons & Simmons show that the awareness of UK laws against irrelevant bribery may be decreasing over time.In 2002, after the act came into force, 68 percent of actents said they were familiar with its main points. But in 2006, 48 percent people said that they work totally ignored it (Global Corruption Report, 2009). 2. 6 Tax Regime Tax regime refers to the revenue enhancement instruments that governments use to raise revenues from multinational firms, such as collective imposees. The tax of Malaysia is transparent, the multinational unified must be taxed 30% of the corporate income which is just the same as Malaysia companies Marketing directory, 2005) tally to the tax incentive treaties, auto ( . ndustry may be eligible for pione er term which is given by the way of an abatement of 70% of the profits for five years (ibid). The runing 30% of the profits allow be taxed at the possessive corporate income tax rate. The profits abated are absolve from tax and leave behind be available for distribution as tax-free dividends. In UK the occupant corporate tax is the lowest in Europe, even the tax is cryptograph for the small companies in 2002(Lawandtax- bleaks, 2010). tally to the tax treaties, multinational corporate which set up, purchase or control the companies in UK can follow the resident tax (Navstar, 2009).In the ordinary course of events, overseas companies cannot follow the low corporate tax, but with attentiveness to double taxation and the savvy between UK and China, Chinese multinational corporates in UK now make the low tax (ibid). 2. 7 Exchange rate electrostatic trade policies are extremely important for both the economic welfare of the countries and the multilateral trading system. Un fortunately, the easiness measures were adopted by many countries. As Dornbuschs 1976 analysis has pointed out that when the turn rate is used to provide protection for domestic firms, it is through undervaluation.An undervalued 11 International Business Environment II exchange rate protects domestic firms from imports and gives domestic firms greater incentives to export. For example, the offset of Payments Committee of the WTO has received 39 requests from member countries for derogations from their international obligations and for a transient increase in temporary protection. and, several fuck offing countries, such as Malaysia, get hold of recently increased tariffs in response to financial crises even though the higher rates remain below the rates these countries bounded in the WTO.Moreover the analysis said China has become a great auto exporter, as a force of the huge subsidies, an undervalued exchange rate and dirt- tacky credit (Swaminathan, 2009). 2. 8 Restrictio ns Restrictions refer to the taxes and limitations that host governments place on foreign products and services or on foreign firms themselves when they present or leave the host economy. Be pee-pee of the policy of protect their national automobile industry, the import tax of automobile is relatively high in Malaysia.Since 2004, Malaysia began to reduce the automobile import tax for the import components the tax is reduce from 25% to 10%, and for the whole automobile the import tax is drop from 130% to 30% for the companies extracurricular of Southeast Asia (MEI, 2009). In 2010, consort to the agreement of ASEAN, the automobile import tax will be zero to all the regions of ASEAN. UK is a member of EU, it followed the economic agreement of EU which sets no import or export tax between members of EU and they must channelize the same tax when they ask business with the trio country (European conflict, 2009). 12International Business Environment II Scoring Analysis of UK and Mal aysia Country story Econography Culture Legal System Income Profile Political Risk Tax Regime Exchange place Restrictions Total (10) (10) (20) (20) (10) (10) (10) (10) (100) 8 7 18 8 8 8 7 7 71 7 6 16 15 5 9 8 9 75 UK Malaysia 3. Institutions 3. 1 WTO The major objectives of WTOs roles are ? the creation of a common automobile market through the riddance of barriers to intra-Community trade the criminal maintenance and expansion of a hawkish world automobile industry the use of volunteer(prenominal) import restrictions to prevent cheap imports and to maintain battle? European citizens committee, 2006). For example, in 2006, WTO denote the establishment of a panel to examine whether Chinas tariffs on imported auto parts violate WTO trade rules, following a go complaint made by the United States, the European Union and evictada, who accused China for its antiblack charges on imported auto parts. After examining Chinas related regulations, WTO panel declared that Chinas regu lations are inconsistent with Chinas WTO obligations. China has agreed to make the prerequisite regulatory changes by September 2009 (Herd, 2006). 13 International Business Environment IIWTO facilitates Geelys international expansion since the elimination of trade barriers has cleared its bridle-path to world market and made it integrated to the world economy. In 2002, after China joined into WTO, 100 automobiles of Geely exported to Syria (Luo, 2005). 3. 2 EU EU functions as a rule-imposer. It sets strict requirements and institute rules and regulations to improve vehicle safety. excessively the vehicle crash tests executed by Euro NCAP (European bare-assed Car Assessment Program backed by European Commission), in that location are also some regulations set to protect the environment.First, in monastic ball club to respond to the gradual aggravation of chiliadhouse effect, the European delegation real a mandatory emission standard to limit the emission of one major winso me of greenhouse gas, carbonic acid gas. The regulation set a fleet-average carbon dioxide emission target for passenger cars, which is 120 g/km to be reached by 2015 (European Commission, 2010). The vehicle manufacturers must reach the carbon dioxide emission target of 130g/km, with an supernumerary reduction of 10 g/km to be provided by supplementary measures, such as the use of hydrogen fuel. A long target of 95 g/km to be reached by 2020 is also stablished by the regulation (ibid). This regulation will take effect in 2012. From 2012 onwards, vehicle manufacturers who do not meet this target will need to pay penalty for their excess emissions. According to DieselNet (2010), from 2012 to 2018, the penalties are 5 per vehicle for the first g/km of CO2 15 for the second gram 25 for the trey gram 95 from the fourth gram onwards. From 2019, manufacturers will pay 95 for each g/km chokeing the target. An separate congressional mandate impose by European Commission requires tire drive monitoring systems on all saucily cars in 2012.According to Europes Information Society (2010), many road accidents resulting in fatalities and physical injuries are linked to tire defects. Furthermore, under-inflated tires can result in severely inefficient use of fuel and cause an extra two million tons of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per year. So this mandate enhances vehicle safety and protects the environment. 14 International Business Environment II These regulations turn out incurred a rise in car prices since vehicle manufacturers are forced to increase price to offset the cost of upgrading.These regulations put Geely in an unfavorable position. Since Geely is better known for making low-tech and cheap cars, making eco-friendly cars is not included in the competencies of the company and huge R&D spending is necessary for nurturing this competence. They set a high bar for the scrapr and limit Geelys ability to expand market in Europe. 3. 3 ASEAN ASEAN Associa tion of South einsteinium Asia Nations is a geo-political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia. China and ASEAN are both lately-emerged, rapidly-developing auto markets.Cooperation in auto industry between China and ASEAN will choose a win-win maculation for the two sides and make their cars more competitive in a global competition. For instance, according to Xinhua News mental representation (2006), a report released by the Ministry of Commerce Indonesia has announced that compared to the expensive Japanese sedans, the China-made ones gradually gain popularity for more favourable price-performance ratio. ASEAN country also needs enthronisation from Chinese carmakers to expand local employment and for more price-favourable cars, said a Germany auto expert at the China-ASEAN Expo, 2006.Consequently, in general, ASEAN opens its gate to Chinese car companies including Geely to hand a win-win website. 4. Assessment of Geelys overall international e xpansion strategy Geelys authorized international strategy is to call forth affordable automobile, so the market size and consume power of a foreign market are highly valued by Geely. Malaysia automobile market resembles China more than UK, in the aspects such as the peoples income, the akin culture, and the uniform geographical position, etc.As by now most cars have been exported to some developing countries like South-East Asia, Ukraine, Russia, and Mexico, Malaysia will be good choice. Meanwhile, although UK does not represent a neighboring or ? home market, 15 International Business Environment II as markets in South-East Asia do, UK could be seen as an interesting market with a potential for higher margins, higher price levels and a more mature market for scratching, technology, etc, as the UKs income per capita, and the automobile gross revenue volume are higher than that of Malaysia.Considering the approaching international development, Geely should focus on UK. Theref ore, at first, it is better for Geely to develop its ? producing automobile which most of people can buy strategy in Malaysia, and when Geely is able to enter high-end automobile market, UK will be a better choice. In terms of multilateral institution, after evaluating the influence of international organizations, we suggest that Malaysia is a better choice for Chinese car companies to exploit tonic markets. Firstly, a win-win situation guarantees a favourably corporate kin between Geely and ASEAN (Eichengreen, 2006).Secondly, there are various quality-related requirements and constraints in EU and probably NAFTA, which puts up a absolute dispute for those Asian auto makers. Moreover, by far, there is no evidence to prove the encyclopedism of manganese Bronze and Volvo have considerably increased Geelys sale in create nations. Thus considering the opportunities and threats face up by Geely, it is recommended that the company emphasizes on developing nations markets, quite a than the developed markets. 5. Marketing analysis 5. 1 Legal system According to Alistair Darlings pre-budget report, UK will bring new opportunities for the low-carbon industries.Through the Innovation investment Fund and the Carbon Trusts Venture Capital scheme, UK will invest at least ? 160m in low carbon projects (Guardian, 2009). They will also invest ? 90m in the European investing Banks new 2020 fund, which will put 6. 5 billion Euros of finance in green infrastructure projects. In this report, there are alterations to the mood change levy, company car tax, and fuel benefit charge (ibid). This is good intelligence information for Geely because now it dedicates itself to work advanced and eco-friendly automobile. In 16International Business Environment II UK the amount of car tax depends on the price and the discharge amount for carbon, which is from 9% for electric motor car to 10%-35% for petrochemical car. UK also has a successful car scrappage scheme, which gives con sumers a ? 2,000 dismiss off. If they scrap their old vehicle, it will help up to 125,000 families replace their inefficient boilers with new models (Julia, 2009). Through the governments support of low-carbon industry, Geely has more opportunities to innovate high-tech and eco-friendly automobile.Furthermore, because of the low tax and car scrappage scheme, customer is given up to buy or change an electric motor car,. In 22nd March 2006, Malaysia published the new automobile policy (MEI, 2009). Since that day, the import taxes of CBU (Complete Built Unit) are reduced from 20% to 5% for the ASEAN members and 50% to 30% for other countries. The import taxes of CKD (Completely Knock Down) are 10%. In 28th October 2009, Mustafa Mohamed announced many new policies for auto industry which will give much more preferences and subsidies for the new zippo automobile companies (ibid). . 2 Income profile It is known that the success of Geely relies mostly on keeping low cost and offering th e affordable cars. For instance, Geelys stovepipe- betraying four-door sedan, the King Kong, has been exchange 6127 in April 2010 and the retail price is between 47,800RMB 58,800RMB (Jiang, 2010). Geely sell 329,014 passenger cars in 2009, making it is the third largest domestic car maker (Zheng, 2010). However, Geelys winning recipe is under pressure in china because Chinese consumers are suitable wealthier the higher-end models will gradually be affordable for them.Meanwhile, brands such as the Chery QQ, Ford Fiesta, and Honda Civic are threatening Geelys current market position. Geekys winning formula is also challenged at the oversea markets like UK and Malaysia. Date from HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs) indicates that nearly 50% of the population in UK earns ? 16400 annually which is much higher than the middle class income of Malaysia. This group of population could be a dominant power in the automobile market in UK. It is not a wise choice to sell its inexpensive cars in U K considering that low price would not be 17International Business Environment II attractive for these relatively rich citizens. The similar situation also happened in Malaysia which made Geelys low price cars less competitive. This is because that the predicted real GDP growth in 2010, 2011 and 2015 are 4. 7%, 5. 0% and 5. 0%, Malaysian people are becoming richer than before(IMF, 2010). Their increase incomes will directly affect their car buying choice. People nowadays prefer the higher-end models and the market share of Geelys lower-end models are estimated to reduce gradually. 6.Geelys reacts to the impact of the ECLIPTER First, since the middle of 2009, the sales of car exports diminish from 37940 in 2008 to 6297. Furthermore, although Geely exports to more than 50 countries, most of them are developing countries which are not so effective in the promotion of the brand image. In order to get rid of low-end image, Geely changed its strategy from ? produce automobile which most of people can buy to ? do not produce cars which price is below 40000 kwai (Fang, 2009). Besides, Geely take over Volvo which also expressed its passion to promote the brand image.Geelys strategy changes starts in May 2007, which is focus on transforming its competitive expediency from price to technology. In 2007, Geely used three new motorcycle typeYuan Jing, King Kong and Zi You Jian, which have relatively higher value added to substitute the Haoqing, Meiri and You Liou. For doing that, Geely scraped its old molds, jigs and production line which worth up to 8 billion Yuan. In 2008, the sales of these three new auto types grew 12% without discount marketing strategy (Geely annual report, 2009).Furthermore, in 2010, Geely will market 21 new auto types, and some of them were de subscribe by Fabrizio Giugiaro, the Italys noteworthy auto manufacturer. Moreover, the new brawn auto will also be produced in 2010, which will include Panda and DiHao (Wenqing, 2010). These new thrust a uto types have been showed in the capital of Red China car exhibition 2010 (Phoenix auto, 2010). In order to deal with these two factors, Geely also has a complementary strategy befriend or takeover other well-known international auto manufacturers. It will not only help Geely to promote its auto manufacture technology, but also improve its brand image.Geely has already cooperated with 18 International Business Environment II Britains manganese Bronze to produce luxurious brand-named taxi (China car Times, 2010) and assembled cars with Information Gateway Corp Sdn Bhd (IGC) in Malaysia, 2006 (Tan, 2006). 7. Leverage the multilateral institutions 7. 1 ASEAN One of the stunning news in 2005 was the political barriers Geely met in Malaysia, which was considered as the biggest challenge for its overseas expansion so far. Geelys chairperson Li Shufu described Malaysia as ? an unexpected jam? because of Malaysia governments rejection on fulfilling the contract.After examining the ECLI PTER factors of Malaysia market, Li Shufu and his team regarded Malaysia as the first pillbox and base of operations of its expansion to ASEAN countries. He believed the learning in Malaysia could be helpful. Therefore, in May 2005, Geely has made a joint contract with Malaysia IGC group for building CKD factory in Malaysia. However, Malaysia government denied the contract after a new document on automobile being published. According to the document, all cars made by foreign automobile manufacturers were prohibited to sell in Malaysia.Then the situation in Malaysia went against its expection of getting a huge sale. However, according to Geely officials, to some extent, ASEAN agreements have made Geely to reconsider the vastness of Malaysia (Harwit). In South East Asia nations, there are some strict tariff-related regulations for automobile industry. Contrarily, tariff among ASEAN countries is in a minimum rate. According to an inner-ASEAN agreement, from 2003 to 2009, Indonesia, T hailand, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore and Vietnam exempted auto import tariff for each other.From 2010, all ASEAN countries will implement zero auto import tariff for each other. At the same time, Indonesia, Thailand and some other ASEAN nations demand of cars is increasing considerably (JAMA, 2008). Especially after an impressive increase in 2007, the car-sale in Indonesia becomes significantly dazzle. Therefore Geely 19 International Business Environment II planed to only manufacture cars in Malaysia and then export cars to other ASEAN countries, which seems like a advanced(a) plan in a long-term development.Finally, Geely obdurate to move its Malaysia CKD manufacture center to Indonesia. However, its vision of supplement ASEAN to pursue a sale performance in all ASEAN nations has not changed. 7. 2 EU In terms of EU regulations, since Geely has learnd 100% ownership of Volvo, the Swedens company, Geely is no longer an outsider of European market. According to the EU Single market concept (European Commission, 2010), a free circulation of capital, labor, goods and services between EU members is granted. Geely now have got over tariff barriers and competes as an insider. . Implications and Recommendations One of the strategies of Geely is to promote new qualification automobile, there are two advantages for this strategy Firstly, Geely can get decently support from government since the development of new energy is encouraged by the government. Secondly, since new energy automobile is environmental friendly goods, it not only reduces the carbon emissions, but also decreases the expenses on routine maintenance ( attach newspaper, 2010). However, there are also drawbacks, such as the inadequate facilities.Acquiring other world noted bands is the other strategy of Geely, which facilitates the companys global expansion. For instance, Volvo is well-known by its safety, which could provide Geely with a competitive advantage on its brand trust. It also provi des a valuable, more upscale user image. Therefore, through spinal fusion or acquisition of international well-known brands, Geely can get greater international fame and advanced technology, integrate into the world market and attract more consumers. However, certain risks should be considered when Geely acquires Volvo.The first risk is that the culture conflicts between two countries. It has been reported that one of the hindering factors is that the inwardness of Volvo in Sweden disagrees the acquisition for their reduced 20 International Business Environment II welfare and unemployment (Gasgoo, 2009). The second risk is that the value of acquired equity. It has been said that Volvos vaunted news report for safety has been challenged by other manufacturers which can also provide automobiles with same safety standard. In this movement Volvos ? safe? advantage may not be as competitive as before. 9. ConclusionTo sum up, this essay has analyzed the ECLIPTER factors of Geelys two overseas markets, Britain and Malaysia, and examined influence of the related multilateral institutions. According to this matrix analysis, legal system and income profile have the most important impact on the auto industry. For multilateral institutions, ASEAN and WTO generally promote the Geelys international expansion strategy, while EU regulations are less favored in its expansion. Considering both ECLIPTER factors and related multilateral institutions, it is suitable for Geely to enter developing nations to acquire market share at its initial development.But for long-term development, Geely need to pay attention to research and develop higher-end models. With the development of Geely Company and the overall auto industry, Geelys focus will shift from developing countries to developed countries. Currently, Geelys low price strategy is challenged by the legal system and income profile of developed countries. Therefore, Geely is increasing its efforts in releasing new model cars a nd tapping into developed countries through merger or acquisition.Geely intends to promote its brand image and enlarge its market share through these strategic moves, although it has to face the risk of culture conflicts and the doubtfulness of acquisition value. 21 International Business Environment II 10. References Azia, A. Z. (2004) Malaysia-Encouraging Saving in a propellant Economy Online. operable at http//www. bis. org/review/r040115c. pdf 17 April 2010 Bond newspaper (2010) (There are many advantages of new energy automobile but it needs improve) online. on tap(predicate) at 6 May 2010 China Car Times. 2010) London machine politicians should now be renamed Hangzhou Cabs. Online A vailable at 11 April 2010 Daily News (2006) 10 ,80% (Geely will produce automobiles in Malaysia, 80% should not sell to other countries)online. unattached at 25 April 2010 DEPATMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA Official Website (2009) Population Online. in stock(predicate) at 12 April 2010 Dies elNet (2010) Cars Greenhouse Gas Emissions online. forthcoming at 15 April 2010 DTI (2000) Byers Acts to Reduce Car Price online. procurable at 27 April 2010 22 International Business Environment II Eichengreen, B. 2006) China, Asia, and the World Economy The Implications of an Emerging Asian bone marrow and Periphery China & World Economy / 1 18, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2006 Online. Available at 24 April 2010 European Commission (2010) A Single Market for goods Online. Available at 20 April 2010 European Commission (2006) A rivalrous self-propelling Regulatory System for the 21st hundred Online. Available at 20 April 2010 European competitiveness (2009) Tariff Barriers online. Available at 21 April 2010 Europes Information Society (2010) Tyre Pressure monitor System online. Available at 21 April 2010 Fang, Wen (2009) Vs (The variation Between BYD and Geely) online. Available at 21 April 2010 Gasgoo. (2009) Volvo union meets Geely, no point in time on financing. Online Available at 11 April 2010 23 International Business Environment II Geely (2009) yearly Report and Financial Statement online. Available at 5 May 2010 Guardian (2009) Alistair Darlings pre-budget report-full textbook Online. Available at 20 April 2010 Harwit, E. (2006) Chinese Overseas investment Cases in the Automobile and Telecommunications Sectors Online Available at 20 April 2010 Herd, J. (2006) red-brick Global Automobile Industry Online.Available at 21 April 2010 Highfill, D. , Baki,M. , Copus, S. , Green, M. , Smith,J. and Whineland. M (2004) Automotive Industry Analysis-GM, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, Ford, Honda online. Available at 28 April 2010 HMRC (2004) Rates and allowances Income Tax Online. Available at 17 April 2010 Hofstede (1997) Culture Online. Available at 17 April 2010 Hofstede(2008) Wolrd map of Power outer space Index-Hofstede Online. Available at 17 April 2010 Hofstede (2008), World Map of dubiousness Avoidance Hofstede Online. Available at 17 April 2010 24 Interna tional Business Environment IIIfeng (2010) (Analyzing Geelys current position from the proportion change of ranking and sales) Online Available at 12 April 2010 International Monetary Fund (2010) World Economic Outlook Online Available at 11 April 2010 JAMA (2008) 1996-2007 ASEAN 5 Countries Sales Statistics Online. Available at 24 April 2010 Julia, K. (2009) Scrappage Scheme Bosst Continues As New Car Sales Up 31% On Last Year Online. Available at 20 April 2010 Lawandtax-news (2010) Corporate Taxation for Multinationals online. Available at 21 April 2010 Lumpur, K. 2004) 2002 humans SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Online. Available at 15 April 2010 Luo, J. (2005) The Growth of Independent Chinese Automotive Companies online. Available at 15 April 2010 Malaysia statistics (2010) Gross Domestic crossroad Online. Available at 15 April 2010 25 International Business Environment II Marketing directory (2005) (the Summary of Investment Environment of Malaysia)online. Available at 2 1 April 2010 MEI (2009) (the New Policy of Automobiles in Malaysia) online. Available at 20th April 2010 Navstar (2009) the detail of the corporate tax in UK) online. Available at 21 April 2010 Office for National Statistic (2009) National Projections UK population to exceed 65m by 2018 Online. Available at 11 April 2010 Phoenix auto website (2010) ( the new energy car showed in Beijing car exhibition) online. Available at 5 May 2010 Posser, D. (2008) UK saving rate sinks to 49-year low as growth faltersOnline. Available at 17 April 2010 Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (2010) EU 2020 growth strategy emphasises significance of low carbon automotive online.Available at http//www. eemsonline. co. uk/press_releases/08-03-10_3 1 May 2010 Swaminathan S Anklesaria Alyar. TNN(2009) How India surround China in auto exports online. Available at 3 May 2010 26 International Business Environment II Swee-Hock, S. (2007) The population of Peninsular Malaysia. Online Available at 13 April 2010 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (2009) Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 Online. Available at 11 April 2010 UK statistics (2010) GDP Growth Online. Available at 15 Apr 2010 Wenqing F. (2010) 21 Geely will market 21 new types of automobile, new energy car also will produce)online. Available at 24 April 2010 World Steel Association (2009) WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2009 Online. Available at 11 April 2010 World Bank (2008) Gross National Income Per Capita 2008,Atlas system and PPP Online. Available at 15 April 2010 Xinhua News result (2006) China Eyes ASEAN for Car Assembly, Export Online Available at 18 April 2010 27 International Business Environment II 11. Appendix An interview with the Geely official bossy guest Mr.Zhao Jie, Vice President of Geely Holding Group, In charge of Geelys international business. Time 28 April 2010 Location Mr. Zhao Jies office Selected Q&A Q How does Geely react to the EUs high standard of safety and emission? A The high standard in Europe is indeed a big challenge for us late-movers. However, we have canvassd a lot on the R&D and have made some success. As our new motto cited, we will ? impart ourselves to produce the safest, most energy-saving and environmental-friendly cars in affordable prices?. In spite of the European standard, we will also investigate on those aspects.Besides, we have acquired Volvo, a company with best reputation on its safety and reliability. Volvo will bring us the generate and advanced technology in pursuing safety. Moreover, developing new energy is not only the trend of all car companies, but also all those energy-based industries. Under the support of our government, we are confident in making a find in this area. Q Have you got any type or design which could achieve the standard? A Yes we have. or so of the automotive types in our series-EC were produced based on the EU standard. Q We know Geely acquired Manganese Bronze.How can you successfully acquire Volvo from Sweden and DSI from Australia? 28 International Business Environment II A Firstly, I am grateful to the lead of our Party and the flourishing Chinese economy. China now attracts the whole worlds attentions. As one of the best Chinese companies, Volvo has its own advantage. As we have emphasized, you could not acquire Volvo only by money. Thats like a free marriage, not an de rigueur acquisition. They have already possessed us. As a fast developing China-based company, we could give Volvo continuous capital support.Also, our promotion will make Volvo more famous in China. In terms of DSI, there are several parades of their employees due to the downsizing. The company is on the edge of bankrupt. People clap their hands to welcome us, because they see the hope. Besides, we have developed the technology of gearbox for close 6, 7 years, we are able to understand and accept the technology of DSI. Q Will there be any problems caused by culture collision after the acquisition of them? A I dont take it is a problem for us. Firstly, Volvo is an international company who will make decisions with a global vision.Although everybody loves their country, the asset of an international company is complex, especially after becoming a listed company. It depends on the structure of the asset. For instance, who do you withdraw Toyota belongs to? The asset structure is global, in which Japanese capital accounts for only a small part. However, the culture of Toyota is still Japanese. We think the situation is similar to Volvo, whose culture will not be changed by us. Our relationship is more probably a brotherhood, rather than hierarchical relationship. What we need to do is communication, respecting and taking care of each other.Q Will Geely convey the entire Volvo product line to China? A Automobile needs indigenous producing, R&D and sale, and more importantly, the maximum indigenous complement. So the current factories in Sweden and Belgian will be remained permanently. Q Whats your opinion on the Malaysia event, I mean the humbled of your corporation? 29 International Business Environment II A Based on the evaluation of all aspects, including the demand, competition, income and wage level, even the political aspect itself we believed Malaysia was our best choice to enter ASEAN.Malaysia had already trustworthy our contract we even signed the contract witnessed by both governments staff. You know Wu Bangguo, chairman of National Peoples Congress and Malaysias head of Parliament have attend the ceremony. I dont know why and how they allowed themselves to make such a decision. They denied the unilateral contract which goes against WTO regulation. I dont want to prattle about it anymore. Q The Geely Panda is transformed to Tobe and being sold in Taiwan, it is said that the real purpose is the ASEAN markets. Can you explain it a little bit?A Sure. Firstly, Taiwan has an advanced system in sales and service. We could improve our service, especially after-sale service. Secondly, Yulon Motor has abundant experience in overseas sales. This ? Tobe? has already being sold in Vietnam, and will be sold in Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippine. Q Whats your future plan? A notwithstanding ASEAN, we have run our business well in many markets. For instance, AIS Company from Ukraine, our best agency, sold out 8000 units for us in Ukraine and made ? Exterior? the most famous autotype in Ukraine.Considering the geographic advantage that Ukraine possesses, we will build CKD factory there, in order to expand to Russia and Eastern Europe. We also have signed a contract with a Mexico partner to build a 130-million-dollar all-around industrial centre. Our plan is, by 2015, build 15 produce centers abroad, and sell 2 million cars, in which 1. 3 million will be sold in overseas markets. Contacts turn Suite 15E, West Tower, 668 East Beijing Rd, Shanghai, 200001China Tel 86-21-53086111 53086126 telecommunicate86-21-53085062E-mailemailprotected com 30 International Busi ness Environment II